{"id":489,"date":"2026-07-16T13:49:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T05:49:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/?p=489"},"modified":"2026-07-16T13:50:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T05:50:11","slug":"tcp-ip%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/?p=489","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1aTCP\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff1aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u901a\u8bdd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u97f3\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aTCP\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5e8f\u53f7\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u65e0\u5dee\u9519\u3001\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u548c\u6309\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/strong>\uff1aTCP\u534f\u8bae\u5c06<strong>\u6570\u636e\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u987a\u5e8f\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781706718642-364d1ced-bc8b-48b4-a8a7-4c4ab40f026e.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781706718642-364d1ced-bc8b-48b4-a8a7-4c4ab40f026e.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u683c\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TCP\u867d\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143\u662f\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5=\u9996\u90e8+\u6570\u636e<br><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1110\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781120934878-afb7a2ae-4158-4782-91cd-826f1685e755.png\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>16\u4f4d\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7:<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884cTCP\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u77e5\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7.\uff08\u6bd4\u5982DNS\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u5e94\u7aef\u53e353\uff0cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u5e9480\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u53ef\u5728\/etc\/services\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>32\u4f4d\u5e8f\u53f7(seq)<\/strong>:<strong>TCP\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u7f16\u53f7<\/strong>.\u4e00\u6b21TCP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d,\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4f1a\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u968f\u673aISN<\/strong>.\u82e5\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u7b2c1025-2048\u5b57\u8282,\u90a3\u4e48TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684<strong>\u5e8f\u53f7seq\u5c31\u662fISN+1025<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>32\u4f4d\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7(ack)<\/strong>:\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4.\u82e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u76841025-2048\u5b57\u8282,<strong>\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5168\u90e8\u63a5\u6536\u6210\u529f,\u5219\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u65b9ISN+2048+1\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7ack<\/strong>,\u610f\u601d\u4e3a\u544a\u8bc9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0b\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u4ece\u5b57\u8282\u6d41ISN+2048+1\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001,\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6211\u5df2\u6536\u5230.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4\u4f4d\u5934\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\uff08header length\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u8be5TCP\u5934\u90e8\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e2a32bit\u5b57\uff084\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a4\u4f4d\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u6807\u8bc615\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5TCP\u5934\u90e8\u6700\u957f\u662f60\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u5305\u542b\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>URG\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\uff08urgent pointer\uff09\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACK\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u643a\u5e26ACK\u6807\u8bc6\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e3a\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PSH\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u7acb\u5373\u4eceTCP\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u8bfb\u8d70\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a5\u6536\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u817e\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u8d70\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u505c\u7559\u5728TCP\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RST\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u65b9\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u643a\u5e26RST\u6807\u5fd7\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e3a\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SYN\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u643a\u5e26SYN\u6807\u5fd7\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e3a\u540c\u6b65\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FIN\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u901a\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u672c\u7aef\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u643a\u5e26FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>16\u4f4d\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\uff08window size\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u662fTCP\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f<strong>\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\uff08Receiver Window\uff0cRWND\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u5bf9\u65b9\u672c\u7aef\u7684TCP\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u8fd8\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u65b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>16\u4f4d\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff08TCP check sum\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u586b\u5145\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u5bf9TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u6267\u884cCRC\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8cTCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u635f\u574f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6821\u9a8c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ecTCP\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fTCP\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>16\u4f4d\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\uff08urgent pointer\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u548c\u5e8f\u53f7\u5b57\u6bb5<strong>seq<\/strong>\u7684\u503c\u76f8\u52a0\u8868\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u504f\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7d27\u6025\u504f\u79fb\u3002TCP\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u5411\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>TCP\u5934\u90e8\u9009\u9879<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08options\uff09\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u6700\u591a\u5305\u542b40\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684TCP\u5934\u90e8\u9009\u9879\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781336247454-001a686b-2e7d-4b2e-b6f0-e3f2796c6c11.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781336247454-001a686b-2e7d-4b2e-b6f0-e3f2796c6c11.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53f7,length\u4e3a\u957f\u5ea6,\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5info\u5219\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5e38\u89c1\u7684TCP\u9009\u9879\u67097\u79cd,\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781336274293-702af648-4843-4704-8681-85014a81cb39.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781336274293-702af648-4843-4704-8681-85014a81cb39.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=0\u662f\u9009\u9879\u8868\u7ed3\u675f\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=1\u662f<strong>\u7a7a\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08nop\uff09<\/strong>\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06TCP\u9009\u9879\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u586b\u5145\u4e3a4\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=2\u662f<strong>\u6700\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\u3002TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u6765\u534f\u5546\u6700\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\uff08Max Segement Size\uff0cMSS\uff09<strong>(TCP\u5934\u90e8\u4e0d\u8ba1\u5165)<\/strong>\u3002<strong>TCP\u6a21\u5757\u901a\u5e38\u5c06MSS\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\uff08MTU-40\uff09\u5b57\u8282\uff08\u51cf\u6389\u7684\u8fd940\u5b57\u8282\u5305\u62ec20\u5b57\u8282\u7684TCP\u5934\u90e8\u548c20\u5b57\u8282\u7684IP\u5934\u90e8\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u643a\u5e26TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7MTU\uff08\u5047\u8bbeTCP\u5934\u90e8\u548cIP\u5934\u90e8\u90fd\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u9009\u9879\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u672c\u673a\u53d1\u751fIP\u5206\u7247\u3002\u5bf9\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u800c\u8a00\uff0c<strong>MSS\u503c\u662f1460\uff081500-40\uff09\u5b57\u8282<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u7684MTU\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a46B-1500B,\u5e27\u5934\u90e8\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a14B-18B,\u5e27\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e3a4B\u7684FCS(\u5e27\u6821\u9a8c\u5e8f\u5217)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mac\u5730\u5740\u4e3a6B,14B=2*mac\u5730\u5740+2B(ipv4\/6\u7684\u9009\u62e9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=3\u662f<strong>\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\u3002TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u6765\u534f\u5546\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u5728TCP\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\u752816\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u6700\u5927\u4e3a65535\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aTCP\u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8TCP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5047\u8bbeTCP\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u662f<strong>N*2<\/strong><sup><strong>M<\/strong><\/sup>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4N\u5de6\u79fbM\u4f4d\u3002<strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cM\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f0~14<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/tcp_window_scaling\u5185\u6838\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u542f\u7528\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u9009\u9879\u3002\u548c MSS \u9009\u9879\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u9009\u9879\u53ea\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u540c\u6b65\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u6b65\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u540c\u6b65\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u5c31\u662f\u8be5 TCP \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u5c31\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7a97\u53e3\u6269\u5927\u56e0\u5b50\u9009\u9879\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u6863 RFC 1323\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=4 \u662f<strong>\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\uff08Selective Acknowledgment\uff0cSACK\uff09<\/strong>\u9009\u9879\u3002<strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fkind=5\u7684\u5f00\u5173.<\/strong>TCP \u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a TCP \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u5219 TCP \u6a21\u5757\u4f1a\u91cd\u4f20\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u7684 TCP \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u539f\u5148\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u786e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684 TCP \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86 TCP \u6027\u80fd\u3002SACK \u6280\u672f\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u6539\u5584\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f TCP \u6a21\u5757\u53ea\u91cd\u53d1\u4e22\u5931\u7684 TCP \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u53d1\u9001\u6240\u6709\u672a\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u7684 TCP \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u9009\u9879\u7528\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301 SACK \u6280\u672f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539 \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/tcp_sack \u5185\u6838\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u542f\u7528\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=5\u662f<strong>SACK\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\u3002\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u544a\u8bc9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u672c\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u5e76\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8ba9\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u636e\u6b64\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u91cd\u53d1\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u8fb9\u6cbf\uff08edge of block\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a4\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5757\u5de6\u8fb9\u6cbf\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u5757\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u5757\u53f3\u8fb9\u6cbf\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u5757\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u6837<strong>\u4e00\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5757\u5de6\u8fb9\u6cbf\u548c\u5757\u53f3\u8fb9\u6cbf\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\u5360\u75288\u5b57\u8282<\/strong>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5T<strong>CP\u5934\u90e8\u9009\u9879\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b4\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/strong>\uff08\u8003\u8651\u9009\u9879\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u5360\u7528\u76842\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kind=8\u662f<strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\u3002\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8f83\u4e3a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56de\u8def\u65f6\u95f4\uff08Round Trip Time\uff0cRTT\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3aTCP\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/tcp_timestamps\u5185\u6838\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u542f\u7528\u6216\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u524d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001\uff08CLOSED\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u6253\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u624d\u88ab\u52a8\u6253\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u5904\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001LISTEN\uff09\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5c06\u540c\u6b65\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a1<strong>(SYN=1)<\/strong>\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7<strong>(seq=x)<\/strong>\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165<strong>SYN_SEND<\/strong>\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u82e5\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u540c\u6b65\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a1<strong>\uff08SYN=1\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u8bbe\u4e3a1\uff08<strong>ACK=1\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7<strong>\uff08seq=y\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7<strong>\uff08ack=x+1\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u6b65\u5df2\u63a5\u6536\u72b6\u6001<strong>SYN_RCVD<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6807\u8bb0\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a1<strong>\uff08ACK=1\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e8f\u53f7<strong>\uff08seq=x+1\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7<strong>\uff08ack=y+1\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5148\u8fdb\u5165<strong>ESTABLISHED<\/strong>\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u540e\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781121146361-17b4aeb3-e534-48c6-8020-a116b610341e.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781121146361-17b4aeb3-e534-48c6-8020-a116b610341e.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u884c\u4e0d\u884c\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<strong>\u9632\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u65e9\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d6a\u8d39\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u7559\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5b8c\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\u8fde\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u6548\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e24\u6b21\u4e0d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4\u53cc\u65b9\u6536\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u6b63\u5e38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u6d3b\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0cClient\u7aef\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u6545\u969c\uff0cServer\u7aef\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6bcf\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u6b21Client\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u540e\uff0cServer\u7aef\u90fd\u7684\u4fdd\u6d3b\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u4f1a\u590d\u4f4d\u3002\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a2\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u82e52\u5c0f\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230Client\u7aef\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5e27\uff0cServer\u7aef\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a2\u6d4b\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u6bcf\u969475\u79d2\u949f\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u8fde\u53d1\u900110\u4e2a\u63a2\u6d4b\u62a5\u6587\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0cServer\u7aef\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3aClient\u7aef\u51fa\u4e86\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91ca\u653e\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\uff0c<strong>FIN=1\u3001seq=u<\/strong>\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165<strong>FIN_WAIT-1\uff08\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u5f851\uff09\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e86\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684FIN\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c<strong>ACK=1\u3001seq=v\u3001ack=u+1<\/strong>\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u540c\u610f\u4f60\u7684\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165<strong>CLOSEWAIT\uff08\u5173\u95ed\u7b49\u5f85\uff09\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6TCP\u534f\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u65b9\u8fd8\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165<strong>FIN_WAIT-2\uff08\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u60012\uff09<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5b8cACK\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd8\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u4e1a\u52a1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u6216\u8005<strong>CLOSEWAIT\uff08\u5173\u95ed\u7b49\u5f85\uff09<\/strong>\u622a\u6b62\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c<strong>FIN=1\u3001ACK=1\u3001seq=w\u3001ack=u+1<\/strong>\u3002\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165<strong>LAST_ACK\uff08\u6700\u540e\u786e\u8ba4\uff09<\/strong>\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165<strong>TIME_WAIT\uff08\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u7b49\u5f85<strong>2MSL\uff08Maximum 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src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6700\u540e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5173\u95ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u540e\u4e22\u5931\u7684ACK\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u4f20<br>2. \u9632\u6b62\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u62a5\u6587\u6c61\u67d3\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. 2MSL\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u5173\u95ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6700\u591a\u4f1a\u75281MSL\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730,\u5982\u679c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e861MSL\u4e5f\u5c31\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b51:\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#8211;ACK&#8211;>\u670d\u52a1\u5668,\u82b1\u8d391MSL\u5230\u8fbe, 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u6309\u5e8f\u3001\u51c6\u65f6\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u201c\u8ff7\u5931\u201d\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e862MSL\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<strong>\u9632\u6b62\u5df2\u5931\u6548\u7684\u65e7\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8ff7\u9014\u62a5\u6587\u201d\uff09\u5e72\u6270\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong> \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8:<em><strong>TCP\u7684<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5047\u8bbe<\/strong><\/em><em><strong>\u4e2d,2MSL\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u65e7\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u4f1a\u6d88\u4ea1,MSL\u503c\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u503c,tcp\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u6d4b\u91cf\u51fa\u6765<\/strong><\/em>,\u4e0d\u5fc5\u94bb\u725b\u89d2\u5c16.\u5373\u4f7f\u771f\u7684\u6709\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5,\u65e7FIN\u62a5\u6587\u6d3b\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u5230\u8fbe,\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236(\u5e8f\u53f7\u6bd4\u5bf9,\u968f\u673aISN\u7b49)\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u88ab\u65e7\u62a5\u6587\u5e72\u6270.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b:\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u65e7FIN\u62a5\u6587seq=100,\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u968f\u673aISN=10000000,\u65b0seq=ISN+x;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u53d1\u73b0seq:100\u4e0d\u5728\u5176\u4e2d,\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8eUDP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u6ca1\u88ab\u76d1\u542c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2aICMP\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8eTCP\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8fd4\u56de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u4e3a<strong>\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u544a\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a0<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u6536\u5230\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u590d\u6b64\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u4ecd\u88ab\u5904\u4e8eTIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TCP\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u8be5\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u6240\u6709\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u5c06\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6esocket\u9009\u9879<strong>SO_LINGER<\/strong>\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.\u5904\u7406\u534a\u6253\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u534a\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001:\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef(\u670d\u52a1\u7aef)\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u8005\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5(\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7f51\u7edc\u6545\u969c)\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef(\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef)\u8fd8\u7ef4\u6301\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef(\u670d\u52a1\u7aef)\u5373\u4f7f\u91cd\u542f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef(\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668)\u5f80\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u6253\u5f00\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5199\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u4f4d\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ea4\u4e92\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u548c\u6210\u5757\u6570\u636e\u6d41<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ea4\u4e92\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5c0f\u6570\u636e,\u8bf7\u6c42\u66f4\u9891\u7e41,\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u65f6\u5ef6\u4f18\u5148<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6210\u5757\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5927\u6587\u4ef6,\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u9891\u7e41,\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5199\u6ee1\u4e00\u4e2aMSS\u624d\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21,\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>\u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/td><td>\u6210\u5757\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08Bulk Data\uff09<\/td><td>\u4ea4\u4e92\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08Interactive Data\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f<\/td><td>FTP\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3001HTTP\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u7f51\u76d8\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/td><td>Telnet\u3001SSH\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ec8\u7aef\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6570\u636e\u91cf<\/td><td>\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u7eed\u6570\u636e<\/td><td>\u5c11\u91cf\u96f6\u6563\u6570\u636e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6570\u636e\u4ea7\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td><td>\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u636e<\/td><td>\u5e94\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u4ea7\u751f\u5c11\u91cf\u6570\u636e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TCP\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u70b9<\/td><td>\u5c3d\u91cf\u586b\u6ee1\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u9001<\/td><td>\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u9001\u5c0f\u62a5\u6587<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5173\u6ce8\u91cd\u70b9<\/td><td>\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff08Throughput\uff09<\/td><td>\u65f6\u5ef6\uff08Latency\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7528\u6237\u611f\u77e5<\/td><td>\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u66f4\u5feb<\/td><td>\u5e0c\u671b\u54cd\u5e94\u66f4\u5feb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u62a5\u6587\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><td>\u901a\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1 MSS<\/td><td>\u901a\u5e38\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e MSS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/td><td>\u9ad8<\/td><td>\u4f4e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ACK\u4f5c\u7528<\/td><td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fde\u7eed\u4f20\u8f93<\/td><td>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ca\u65f6\u54cd\u5e94<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nagle\u7b97\u6cd5\u6548\u679c<\/td><td>\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f<\/td><td>\u5f71\u54cd\u660e\u663e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5178\u578b\u73b0\u8c61<\/td><td>\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u91cf TCP \u6bb5<\/td><td>\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5c0f\u5305\uff08Tinygram\uff09<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u5411<\/td><td>\u589e\u5927\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/td><td>\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ef6\u65f6\u786e\u8ba4:\u670d\u52a1\u7aef(\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef)\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001,\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u53d1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6253\u5305\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e00\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb.tcp\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u6325\u624b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b,\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u786e\u8ba4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u5e26\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86,\u6570\u636e\u548cack\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u4e5f\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e86\u4f59\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e,\u6570\u636e\u548cFIN\u4e0eack\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001,\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86CLOSE_WAIT\u9636\u6bb5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nagle\u7b97\u6cd5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nagle\u7b97\u6cd5<strong>\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u786e\u8ba4\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5,\u5728\u8be5TCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5230\u8fbe\u4e4b\u540e,\u624d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u5230\u8fbe\u4e4b\u524d,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u505c\u6536\u96c6\u672c\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5fae\u91cf\u6570\u636e,\u7b49\u786e\u8ba4\u5230\u8fbe\u4ee5\u540e\u4e00\u5e76\u53d1\u51fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5fae\u5c0fTCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u91cf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6536\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21,\u7f51\u7edc\u8d8a\u597d,\u786e\u8ba4\u5230\u8fbe\u5f97\u8d8a\u5feb,\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5f97\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5feb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5e26\u5916\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">URG\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7f6e1\u65f6,\u5e8f\u53f7+\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b:seq=4,\u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488\u4e3a3,\u90a3\u4e48\u5e26\u5916\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f7,\u90a3\u4e48\u5e26\u5916\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c31\u662f6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u6bb5\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u91cc\u9762\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e26\u5916\u6570\u636e\u653e\u8fdb\u5e26\u5916\u7f13\u5b58(\u9700\u8981\u5373\u65f6\u8bfb\u53d6),\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6570\u636e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6781\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528,\u9e21\u808b\u529f\u80fd,\u4e5f\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u662f\u5e26\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1\u3001\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<strong>\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u5e76\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u4e3b\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002\u5f53\u6536\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684ACK\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5411\u524d\u6ed1\u52a8\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7eb3\u5165\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\uff08rwnd\uff09\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\uff08cwnd\uff09\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3 = min(rwnd, cwnd)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u4e2d\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7531\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7531\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781122401443-d9545c28-e12b-4e40-96f5-ae52792c8725.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781122401443-d9545c28-e12b-4e40-96f5-ae52792c8725.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u3002\u6536\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u5411\u524d\u6ed1\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7ACK\u901a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\uff1b\u8d85\u51fa\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781122427242-5fc72f2d-7dcb-4031-b397-4ee7beb027f2.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781122427242-5fc72f2d-7dcb-4031-b397-4ee7beb027f2.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20<\/strong>\uff1a\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4(RTO)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6bcf\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a<strong>\u8d85\u65f6\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\uff08ACK\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0RTO\u8d85\u65f6,\u90a3\u4e48TCP\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u62e5\u585e,\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u5165\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20<\/strong>\uff1a<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8fde\u7eed\u6536\u5230<strong>\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54<\/strong>\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5931<strong><\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u5230\u671f\uff0c<strong>\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u4f20\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u5c0f(rwnd)\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f(swnd)<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51fa\u73b0\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u89e6\u53d1\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6ce8:\u6700\u7ec8\u7684swnd(\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3)\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8erwnd(\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3)\u548ccwnd(\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3)\u4e2d\u7684\u8f83\u5c0f\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781347228786-7342f592-174d-47f4-a401-189da455a79c.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1781347228786-7342f592-174d-47f4-a401-189da455a79c.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ece\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u77e5\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u7a97\u53e3\u51cf\u5c11\u5230rwnd=300\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u76f4\u63a5\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u4e860\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc<strong>\u62e5\u585e\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8c03\u6574,\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d,\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u94fe\u8def\u8fc7\u8f7d\u7684\u540c\u65f6,\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u541e\u5410\u91cf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.\u6162\u5f00\u59cb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728<strong>\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e(RTO\u8d85\u65f6,TCP\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u62e5\u585e)<\/strong>\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\uff08cwnd\uff09\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u63a2\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u7a81\u7136\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1723628546451-f8a26303-207b-4b42-b22e-fb53993f375e.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  decoding=\"async\" data-original=\"https:\/\/www.fishh.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1723628546451-f8a26303-207b-4b42-b22e-fb53993f375e.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"\/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\uff08cwnd\uff09\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u503c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a1\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0cMSS\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aACK\uff0ccwnd\u589e\u52a01\u4e2aMSS\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0ccwnd\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u95e8\u9650\u503c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53cwnd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u9650\u503c\uff08ssthresh\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d<\/strong>\uff1a\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u671f\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u8d8b\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957fcwnd\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aRTT\uff08\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\uff0ccwnd\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aMSS\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u62e5\u585e\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\uff1aTCP\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u89c2\u5bdf\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7(\u4e22\u5305,RTO\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49)\u72b6\u6001\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u62e5\u585e\u60c5\u51b5,\u5982\u679cTCP\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\uff0c<strong>ssthresh\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5f53\u524dcwnd\u7684\u4e00\u534a<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165<strong>\u6162\u542f\u52a8(\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20)\u6216\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d(\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20)<\/strong>\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6bcf\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u5e8f\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5(\u987a\u5e8f\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u5185)\u540e \u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u51fa\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\uff08\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ca\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fbe\u5bf9\u65b9\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u8fdb\u884c\u634e\u5e26\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u8fde\u6536\u52303\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u4f20\u5bf9\u65b9\u5c1a\u672a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5<strong>(TCP\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8f7b\u5ea6\u62e5\u585e)<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ee7\u7eed\u7b49\u5f85\u91cd\u4f20\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u5230\u671f,\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.\u5feb\u6062\u590d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8c03\u6574\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc5\u901f\u6062\u590d\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">linux\u4e2d\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u987a\u5e8f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.\u82e5\u6536\u52303\u4e2a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u65f6,TCP\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u62e5\u585e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u4ee4:ssthresh=ssthresh\/2; cwnd=ssthresh+3*MSS;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.\u82e5\u518d\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5,\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cwnd=cwnd+MSS;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.\u82e5\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5,\u5c31\u628a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u95e8\u9650\u503c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cwnd=ssthresh;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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